2 Kings 23:13

Authorized King James Version

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And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile.

Original Language Analysis

וְֽאֶת H853
וְֽאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 1 of 27
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַבָּמ֞וֹת And the high places H1116
הַבָּמ֞וֹת And the high places
Strong's: H1116
Word #: 2 of 27
an elevation
אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀ H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀
Strong's: H834
Word #: 3 of 27
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 4 of 27
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
פְּנֵ֣י that were before H6440
פְּנֵ֣י that were before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 5 of 27
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֗ם Jerusalem H3389
יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֗ם Jerusalem
Strong's: H3389
Word #: 6 of 27
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine
אֲשֶׁר֮ H834
אֲשֶׁר֮
Strong's: H834
Word #: 7 of 27
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
מִימִ֣ין which were on the right hand H3225
מִימִ֣ין which were on the right hand
Strong's: H3225
Word #: 8 of 27
the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or other object (as the stronger and more dexterous); locally, the south
לְהַר of the mount H2022
לְהַר of the mount
Strong's: H2022
Word #: 9 of 27
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
הַמַּשְׁחִית֒ of corruption H4889
הַמַּשְׁחִית֒ of corruption
Strong's: H4889
Word #: 10 of 27
destructive, i.e., (as noun) destruction, literally (specifically a snare) or figuratively (corruption)
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 11 of 27
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בָּ֠נָה had builded H1129
בָּ֠נָה had builded
Strong's: H1129
Word #: 12 of 27
to build (literally and figuratively)
שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה which Solomon H8010
שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה which Solomon
Strong's: H8010
Word #: 13 of 27
shelomah, david's successor
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ did the king H4428
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ did the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 14 of 27
a king
יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 15 of 27
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
לְעַשְׁתֹּ֣רֶת׀ for Ashtoreth H6253
לְעַשְׁתֹּ֣רֶת׀ for Ashtoreth
Strong's: H6253
Word #: 16 of 27
ashtoreth, the phoenician goddess of love (and increase)
שִׁקֻּ֣ץ the abomination H8251
שִׁקֻּ֣ץ the abomination
Strong's: H8251
Word #: 17 of 27
disgusting, i.e., filthy; especially idolatrous or (concretely) an idol
צִֽידֹנִ֗ים of the Zidonians H6722
צִֽידֹנִ֗ים of the Zidonians
Strong's: H6722
Word #: 18 of 27
a tsidonian or inhabitant of tsidon
וְלִכְמוֹשׁ֙ and for Chemosh H3645
וְלִכְמוֹשׁ֙ and for Chemosh
Strong's: H3645
Word #: 19 of 27
kemosh, the god of the moabites
שִׁקֻּ֣ץ the abomination H8251
שִׁקֻּ֣ץ the abomination
Strong's: H8251
Word #: 20 of 27
disgusting, i.e., filthy; especially idolatrous or (concretely) an idol
מוֹאָ֔ב of the Moabites H4124
מוֹאָ֔ב of the Moabites
Strong's: H4124
Word #: 21 of 27
moab, an incestuous son of lot; also his territory and descendants
וּלְמִלְכֹּ֖ם and for Milcom H4445
וּלְמִלְכֹּ֖ם and for Milcom
Strong's: H4445
Word #: 22 of 27
milcom, the national idol of the ammonites
תּֽוֹעֲבַ֣ת the abomination H8441
תּֽוֹעֲבַ֣ת the abomination
Strong's: H8441
Word #: 23 of 27
properly, something disgusting (morally), i.e., (as noun) an abhorrence; especially idolatry or (concretely) an idol
בְּנֵֽי of the children H1121
בְּנֵֽי of the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 24 of 27
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
עַמּ֑וֹן of Ammon H5983
עַמּ֑וֹן of Ammon
Strong's: H5983
Word #: 25 of 27
ammon, a son of lot; also his posterity and their country
טִמֵּ֖א defile H2930
טִמֵּ֖א defile
Strong's: H2930
Word #: 26 of 27
to be foul, especially in a ceremial or moral sense (contaminated)
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ did the king H4428
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ did the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 27 of 27
a king

Analysis & Commentary

And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultimate kingship. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep-rooted corruption, revealing that external religious activity cannot substitute for heart transformation.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

Historical Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 23 takes place during the final century of Judah's existence, 7th century BCE, including Manasseh and Josiah's reigns. The chapter's theme (Josiah's Thorough Reforms) reflects the historical reality of the worst apostasy under Manasseh followed by the most thorough reforms under Josiah, demonstrating that external righteousness cannot reverse God's determined judgment. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

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